Guiding device for use with laryngoscope

ABSTRACT

A guiding device for use with a laryngoscope for assisting in the insertion of an endotracheal tube into a patient, the device comprising a guiding means for guiding an endotracheal tube through the patient&#39;s upper airways, and an attachment means to attach the guiding means to the blade of the laryngoscope. A laryngoscope comprising the guiding device is also disclosed.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to a guiding device for use with a laryngoscope,more particularly to a guiding device for use with a laryngoscope forassisting in the orotracheal insertion of a tube into a patient.

BACKGROUND

The expression “orotracheal tube” generally designates an endotrachealtube that is inserted through the mouth. Orotracheal intubation consistsof inserting a tube through the mouth, the laryngeal inlet and into thetrachea of a patient. This procedure is commonly performed in medicalconditions in patients who are unable to protect their airways, are atrisk of pulmonary aspiration and those that require assistance withmechanical ventilation. It is also commonly performed to permit safegeneral anesthesia to enable mechanical ventilation during surgery.

A laryngoscope assists with intubation by allowing the clinician tovisualize the path of the endotracheal tube as it passes through theglottis towards the trachea. Tracheal intubation can be performed bydirect laryngoscopy or indirect laryngoscopy.

During direct laryngoscopy, a laryngoscope is used to obtain a directview of the vocal cords. An orotracheal tube is inserted under directvision through the vocal cords normally in an unconscious patient. Alaryngoscope typically comprises a handle and a blade. There are manytypes of laryngoscopes designed for direct laryngoscopy. The blade maybe curved (e.g. the Macintosh blade), straight (e.g. the Miller blade)or may comprise a movable hinged blade tip (e.g. McCoy laryngoscope).

The technique of orotracheal intubation begins with the blade insertedinto the right corner of the patient's mouth. The blade is shaped suchthat a flange will push the tongue to the left side of the oropharynx tocreate space in the oropharynx through which a view of the larynx willbe sought. The epiglottis is visualised. The laryngoscope handle ismanipulated so that the blade lifts the epiglottis directly with thestraight blade or indirectly with the curved blade thereby exposing thelaryngeal inlet in normal patients. The endotracheal tube is thenadvanced past the vocal cords into the trachea.

Most intubations are straightforward using the direct laryngoscopyprocedure described above. However, some patients are known to bedifficult to intubate under direct laryngoscopy, especially if there areanatomical abnormalities or if the larynx lies particularly anteriorly.Other patients are unexpectedly found during direct laryngoscopy to bedifficult to intubate this way.

Intubation of these patients may be more successful using indirectlaryngoscopy. This can be performed using a videolaryngoscope such asthose sold under the trademarks AIRTRAQ and GLIDESCOPE. Thesevideolaryngoscopes have a light source and imaging modality embedded inor inserted near to the distal portion of the blade. The blade is shapedsuch that with manipulation the imaging modality can be positionedadjacent to the larynx. This enables visualisation of the laryngealinlet on a viewer or screen. Fibreoptic intubating laryngoscopes arealso used for intubation, particularly if direct laryngoscopy is judgedto be difficult or dangerous.

When the user attempts to insert an endotracheal tube, the tip can bevisualised on the screen as it passes through the larynx. It is commonhowever with videolaryngoscopes for a good laryngoscopic view on thescreen to be achieved but for the user to have difficulty directing theendotracheal tube into the laryngeal inlet. Most problematic is theendotracheal tube tip directing too posteriorly. A stiff introducer orbougie can be inserted into the endotracheal tube to try to overcomethis difficulty but this adds complexity and risk to the procedure.

Some videolaryngoscopes, for example the AIRTRAQ and the PENTAX-AWS,have an insertion technique completely different to that used in directlaryngoscopy and have an open sided rigid channel to help guide thetube. A disadvantage of these rigid open sided channels is that theendotracheal tube is not placed with a technique similar to directlaryngoscopy which is familiar to all anesthesiologists. Anotherdisadvantage is that depending upon tube diameter used, the tube tip isnot always gripped sufficiently to direct it along the blade in asufficiently anterior direction. Another disadvantage is that therigidity of the guiding channel can impede the removal of thelaryngoscope over the endotracheal tube when intubation has beenachieved and the laryngoscope needs to be removed.

It is an object of this invention to mitigate problems such as thosedescribed above.

SUMMARY

According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided aguiding device for use with a laryngoscope for assisting in theinsertion of an endotracheal tube into a patient, the device comprisinga guiding means for guiding an endotracheal tube through the patient'supper airways, and attachment means to attach the guiding means to theblade of the laryngoscope. When the guiding means is attached to theblade of the laryngoscope, the outer shape of the guiding means plusblade may resemble any of the shapes commonly used in laryngoscopy, i.e.the guiding means plus blade may be curved, straight or may comprise amovable hinged blade tip.

The guiding means is preferably releasably coupled to the endotrachealtube.

The invention is intended to improve the ease of intubation through thepatient's mouth and into his upper airways.

The guiding device is preferably integrally constructed and may beone-piece blow moulded so that the cost of production is relativelyaffordable. However, two-part guiding devices may also be used. The twocomponents of a two-part guiding device may be joined together bywelding, gluing or clipping.

The guiding means may be made of a flexible material, such as a flexiblethermoplastic material, or of a rigid material. The guiding device, orpart of the guiding device, may be flexible due to its shape, design ordimension (e.g. thickness).

The guiding means may be movable relative to the surface of the blade.For example, the guiding means may be attached to the blade or theattachment means by means of one or more hinge elements. An advantage ofthese features is that they enable the user to adjust the guiding means,making a single guiding device suitable for placing and securingendotracheal tubes of various dimensions to the laryngoscope. Inaddition, in embodiments in which the guiding means is movable relativeto the surface of the blade, the guiding means may be adjusted so thatthe endotracheal tube or its distal end is deflected towards the surfaceof the blade to improve visualisation and positioning of the tube in thepatient's airways. The guiding device may be designed to enable theguiding means to be adjusted before use and/or during use.

In an alternative embodiment the guiding means is fixed relative to thesurface of the blade once the attachment means has secured the guidingmeans to the laryngoscope. Guiding devices which are fixed relative tothe surface of the blade may be easier and cheaper to manufacture,therefore such embodiments may be better suited for use as disposableitems.

The guiding means is of dimensions suitable to support and guide theendotracheal tube or to grip the tube. It may be tubular or a portion ofa circumference of a tubular channel or a guiding paddle. Mostpreferably, the guiding means deflects the tube towards the surface ofthe blade or another part of the that laryngoscope or the guiding deviceand/or the guiding means deflects the distal tip of the tube towards thedistal end of the blade or guiding means into the laryngeal inlet.

In embodiments in which the guiding means comprises a guiding paddle,the guiding paddle provides a surface that the endotracheal tube canglide over towards the laryngeal inlet and into the trachea of apatient. When the guiding device is attached to the laryngoscope, theguiding paddle may extend outwards substantially level to the upper orlower surface of the blade of the laryngoscope.

The guiding means may comprise two guiding paddles, one guiding paddleproviding a surface that the endotracheal tube can glide over and theother guiding paddle partially enclosing the endotracheal tube to helpprevent displacement of the endotracheal tube during insertion, or oneguiding paddle located on one side of the device and the other guidingpaddle located on the other side of the device.

In a preferred embodiment, the attachment means comprises a sleevecapable of enclosing, partly or wholly, the blade of the laryngoscope.For example, the sleeve may surround a portion of the length of theblade; or it may comprise a longitudinal slit so that the sleeve may beeasily fitted around the blade.

The attachment means may enable reversible attachment of the guidingdevice to the laryngoscope. Reversible attachment may be enabled usingpins, screws or bolts, alone or in combination.

In another embodiment, the guiding device extends longitudinally fromthe distal end of the blade of the laryngoscope to form an extended tipto provide an improved laryngoscopic view of the patient's airways.

Preferably, the guiding device further comprises one or more channels inwhich visualisation means can be removably inserted or secured. Thevisualisation means may comprise part of the laryngoscope or may beindependent from but suitable for use with the laryngoscope.

The guiding device may be made, partly or wholly, of a transparentmaterial. The guiding device may be made, partly or wholly, of adisposable material. The disposable material may be plastic or metal.

According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided alaryngoscope comprising a guiding device as described above. Thelaryngoscope according to the present invention may further compriseindirect means for visualizing the laryngeal inlet. For example, thevisualisation means may comprise a light source, fibreopticvisualisation means, a camera and/or a display screen. However, thelaryngoscope may be used without visualisation means for straightforwardcases.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the presentinvention, reference should be made to the following drawings in whichthe same reference numerals are used to indicate the same or similarparts wherein:

FIG. 1 shows an isometric view of one embodiment of a laryngoscope witha guiding device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a top view of one embodiment of the guiding device;

FIG. 3 shows a side view of the guiding device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 shows a view of the other side of the guiding device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 shows an isometric view of the guiding device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 shows an alternative isometric view of the guiding device of FIG.2;

FIG. 7 shows a top view of a second embodiment of the guiding device;

FIG. 8 shows a side view of the guiding device of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 shows a view of the other side of the guiding device of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 shows an isometric view of the guiding device of FIG. 7;

FIG. 11 shows an alternative isometric view of the guiding device ofFIG. 7;

FIG. 12 shows a top view of a second embodiment of the guiding device;

FIG. 13 shows a side view of the guiding device of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 shows a view of the other side of the guiding device of FIG. 12;

FIG. 15 shows an isometric view of the guiding device of FIG. 12; and

FIG. 16 shows an alternative isometric view of the guiding device ofFIG. 12.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In this application, the terms “distal part” and “proximal part” areused relative to the medical professional, i.e. the “distal part” isused to describe the part of the device that is inserted first into thepatient. The terms “anterior” and “posterior” are used relative to thepatient to designate his front and his back, respectively.

The laryngoscope (1) of FIG. 1 comprises a handle (2) for holding andmaneuvering the laryngoscope and a rigid blade (3) that is pivotallyattached to the handle (2). The laryngoscope (1) further comprises meansof visualisation including a display screen (4) to visualise the areacaptured, for example, by a camera (not shown).

A guiding device (5) is shown that comprises a guiding means (6) forguiding an endotracheal tube through the patient's mouth and upperairways and an attachment means embodied as a sleeve (7).

The blade (3) of the laryngoscope (1) is inserted into the sleeve (7).The sleeve (7) should preferably fit the blade (3) so that it issufficiently secured during use and so that it can be removed after use.

The guiding means (6) deflects the tube towards the surface of thesleeve (7) and deflects the distal tip of the tube towards the distalend of the blade and into the laryngeal inlet.

Preferably, the guiding means (6) has mechanical and geometricproperties or external maneuverability such that it deflects the distalendotracheal tube tip towards the blade and thereafter along a pathwaythrough the glottic opening. The flexibility or maneuverability of theguiding means (6) permits the endotracheal tube to disengage from theblade when intubation has been achieved and the laryngoscope needsremoving.

The guiding means (6) may be externally movable relative to theattachment means so that the distal end of the endotracheal tube ispushed along the surface of laryngoscope blade (3). The guiding means(6) may be hinged or be made of a flexible material.

To substantially deflect the distal end of the endotracheal tube alongthe blade surface there needs to be sufficient force from the guidingmeans (6). However once tracheal intubation is achieved it is desirablethat there is very little force holding the endotracheal tube betweenthe blade (3) and the guiding means (6) because it is desirable toremove the laryngoscope from the patient's upper airway whilst applyingminimal forces so as to avoid disrupting the endotracheal tube positionor damaging the airway structures.

The guiding means (6) may be hinged, be externally movable or ofstiffness sufficient to guide a range of external diameters ofendotracheal tubes along the line of the surface of the rigid blade andanteriorly (i.e. at the distal end) into the laryngeal inlet underindirect vision.

The guiding means (6) may be flexible enough such that the endotrachealtube can slip out laterally easily when the laryngoscope needs to beremoved following intubation.

The blade (3) may be straight, e.g. a Miller laryngoscope blade.Alternatively, a curved blade may be used, e.g. a Macintosh blade.Another suitable type of blade is one that comprises a movable and/orhinged blade tip, e.g. McCoy laryngoscope.

FIG. 1 shows a straight blade (3) and a guiding device (5) that extendslongitudinally from the distal end of the blade (3) to form an extendedtip or tongue (8). This guiding device (5) is particularly suitable forindirect videolaryngoscopy and the tip (8) facilitates a goodlaryngoscopic view for the user, for example, on a display screen (4).

An important advantage of the guiding device (5), and in particular ofthe use of an attachment means, is that it may be used in combinationwith any type of laryngoscope, including those with straight, curved,angled or hinged blades as described above, and can therefore be used asa universal guiding means (6). Furthermore, the guiding means (6) mayinclude a tip (8) that may be straight, curved or angled to modify anexisting laryngoscope blade. For example, a guiding means with astraight tip may be used with a Miller laryngoscope to extend the lengthof the existing blade; a guiding means with a curved tip may be usedwith a straight blade to transform it into a Macintosh-type blade.

The guiding device (5) may be reusable, disposable, partly reusable orpartly disposable. Prior art reusable laryngoscopes must be cleaned andsterilized after use and the process is time consuming and incurs costs.Clinicians may use a disposable sheath to cover the blade of alaryngoscope to minimize the need for cleaning and sterilization.Alternatively, a reusable laryngoscope or a reusable blade may be usedbut are more costly to produce than a disposable or partly disposableguiding device (5).

The laryngoscope (1) may comprise visualisation means such as a lightsource, fibreoptics, camera or other technology that enable externalindirect visualisation of the laryngeal inlet. Indirect visualisation ofthe laryngeal inlet through fibreoptics, camera or other means, isparticularly useful to assist the user to juxtapose the tip of the bladewith the laryngeal inlet.

In a preferred embodiment, the laryngoscope (1) may consist of adisposable sleeve (7) and separate reusable camera and light sourcecomponents (not shown). The disposable sleeve (7) may comprise a channelfor the camera or light source component to be inserted prior to use andremoved from after use. For example in the laryngoscope of FIG. 1, acamera and a light source are located at the distal end of the blade (3)and are protected from bodily fluids by the disposable sleeve (7).

It may be desirable that the guiding means (6) is partly or whollytransparent so as not to impede the line of view from the camera orsimilar to the laryngeal inlet. For example, the distal section of thechannel where the camera is positioned may be transparent to permitvisualisation. Similarly, where the guiding device (5) comprises adistal extension (8), the extension may be transparent for improvedvisualisation of the patient's airways. In a preferred embodiment, thewhole guiding device (5) may be made out of a transparent material.

In use, the guiding device (5) may be attached to the laryngoscope (1)by inserting the blade (3) into the sleeve (7). The endotracheal tubemay be attached to the guiding means (6) that positions the tube alongthe surface of the blade (3) or along the surface of the sleeve (7). Thedistal end of the tube may be positioned so that its distal tip alignswith the distal end of the blade (3). The laryngoscope (1) is insertedinto the mouth of the patient. The blade (3) will push the tongue of thepatient to the side of the oropharynx to create space through which thelarynx and the epiglottis can be viewed. The blade is manipulated tolift the epiglottis thereby exposing the laryngeal inlet. Theendotracheal tube can then be advanced past the vocal cords into thetrachea. The user can visualise the distal end of the blade for exampleon the display screen (4) and manipulate the laryngoscope accordingly.Once the tube is correctly positioned, it is released from the guidingdevice (5) without displacing the tube and without damage to thesurrounding tissues.

The size and shape of guiding devices (5) according to the presentinvention can vary. In particular, the size and shape of the guidingdevices (5) may vary to suit a patient's anatomy. In the embodimentdepicted in FIG. 1, the laryngoscope (1) and blade (3) are reusablewhilst the guiding device (5) is disposable. This enables thelaryngoscope (1) and its blade (3) to be used with a number of patients,whilst a different guiding device (5) is used with each patient.Therefore, the clinician is free to choose the size and shape of guidingdevice (5) best suited to use with an individual patient.

FIGS. 2 to 6 depict a guiding device (5) with a guiding means (6) in theform of a single guiding paddle extending outwards substantially levelto the lower surface of the laryngoscope blade (3). The embodiment ofFIGS. 2 to 6 includes attachment means in the form of a sleeve (7) thatmay be reversibly attached to the laryngoscope blade (3).

FIGS. 7 to 11 depict an alternative embodiment of a guiding device (5)with a guiding means (6) in the form of two guiding paddles, eachextending outwards substantially level to the lower surface of thelaryngoscope blade (3) but on different sides of the guiding device (5).One of the guiding paddles extends under the upper surface of theguiding device (5) to partially enclose an endotracheal tube locatedbetween the two surfaces.

FIGS. 12 to 16 depict another alternative embodiment of a guiding device(5), in which the extended tip (8) is anteriorly deflected to enable anendotracheal tube inserted using the device (5) to be deflectedanteriorly.

1. A laryngoscope comprising: a handle; an elongate blade attached tothe handle; an indirect visualization means for viewing the laryngealinlet of a patient and a detachable guiding device, the guiding devicecomprising a sleeve that wholly encloses the elongate blade, a guidingpaddle for guiding an endotracheal tube through the patient's upperairways, and wherein the guiding paddle extends longitudinally from adistal end of the blade of the laryngoscope to form an anteriorlydeflected extended tip.
 2. The laryngoscope according to claim 1,wherein the guiding paddle is releasably coupled to the endotrachealtube.
 3. The laryngoscope according to claim 2, wherein the guidingpaddle is made of a flexible material.
 4. The laryngoscope according toclaim 1, wherein the guiding paddle is movable relative to a surface ofthe blade.
 5. The laryngoscope according to claim 4, wherein the guidingpaddle is attached to the blade or the attachment means by means of oneor more hinge elements.
 6. The laryngoscope according to claim 1,further comprising one or more channels in which visualisation means canbe secured or removably inserted.
 7. The laryngoscope according to claim1, wherein the guiding device is made, partly or wholly, of atransparent material.
 8. The laryngoscope according to claim 1, whereinthe guiding device is made, partly or wholly, of a disposable material.9. The laryngoscope according to claim 1, wherein the guiding paddleextends outward substantially level to and in the plane of an upper or alower surface of the blade of the laryngoscope.
 10. The laryngoscopeaccording to claim 1, further comprising a second guiding paddleextending outward from a side of the guiding device, the guiding paddleproviding a surface that the endotracheal tube can glide over and thesecond guiding paddle partially enclosing the endotracheal tube to helpprevent displacement of the endotracheal tube during insertion.
 11. Thelaryngoscope according to claim 1, further comprising a second guidingpaddle extending outward from a side of the guiding device, the guidingpaddle being located on the same side of the laryngoscope as the secondguiding paddle.
 12. The laryngoscope according to claim 1, furthercomprising a second guiding paddle extending outward from a side of theguiding device, the guiding paddle located on one side of thelaryngoscope and the second guiding paddle located on the other side ofthe laryngoscope.
 13. The laryngoscope according to claim 1, wherein thevisualisation means comprises a light source, fibreoptic visualisationmeans, a camera and/or a display screen.
 14. The laryngoscope accordingto claim 1, further comprising a second guiding device for non-difficultairway intubations, the extended tip at the distal end of the guidingdevice for difficult airway intubations having greater anteriordeflection than a second extended tip at the distal end of the secondguiding device for non-difficult airway intubations.
 15. Thelaryngoscope according to claim 1, wherein the blade is configured tofit the contours of the heel of the handle.